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Cesium Chloride (CsCl).jpg

High-Quality Cesium Chloride (CsCl) from China - Trusted Suppliers and Factory Direct Products

Basic Properties of Cesium Chloride (CsCl)
Cesium chloride (CsCl), a prominent alkali metal halide, has the chemical formula CsCl and a molecular weight of 168.36 g/mol. This compound is characterized by its colorless cubic crystals, boasting a melting point of 645°C and a boiling point of 1297°C. With a density of 3.988 g/cm³ at 25°C, CsCl exhibits remarkable solubility in water, reaching 1910 g/L at 20°C, which increases significantly to approximately 2500 g/L at 100°C. This high solubility is crucial for the purification processes of cesium, making it an essential product for various industrial applications. The crystal structure of CsCl is classified as a simple cubic (Pm-3m space group) at room temperature, where each Cs⁺ ion is surrounded by 8 Cl⁻ ions. This unique arrangement distinguishes cesium chloride from the common NaCl structure, positioning it as an ideal substance for studies related to ionic crystal models. Our factory in China is committed to supplying high-quality cesium chloride to meet the growing demands of research and industry.

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    Product Details

    Preparation method

    Industrial preparation is mainly through the following ways:

    • Reaction of metallic cesium with hydrochloric acid
    • Neutralization method with cesium carbonate or cesium hydroxide
    • Mineral extraction: High-purity CsCl is obtained from pollucite by acid leaching, ion exchange and other steps.

    Chemical and physical properties

    High-density solution

    The density of saturated CsCl solution can reach 1.9 g/cm³, which is often used for density gradient centrifugation separation of biological samples (such as DNA purification).

    Ionic conductivity

    Molten CsCl is an excellent ion conductor and is used for high-temperature electrolyte research.

    Optical properties

    CsCl crystals have a wide light transmission range (0.2~55 μm) and can be used for infrared spectrometer prisms.

    Radioactive applications

    Gamma-ray sources of Cs-137 (half-life 30.17 years) are widely used in medical and industrial irradiation.

    Main applications

    1. Molecular biology
    • Density gradient centrifugation is used to separate nucleic acids and virus particles.
    • As a buffer component for PCR reactions.
    2. Nuclear medicine
    • Cs-131 (half-life 9.7 days) is used for brachytherapy of prostate cancer.
    3. Materials science
    • Preparation of cesium vapor for photoelectric tubes and ion thrusters.
    • Synthesis of functional materials with CsCl-type structures (such as perovskite solar cell precursors).

    Basic research

    • Used to prepare optical lattices in ultracold atom experiments.
    • Study the phase transition behavior of ionic crystals (transformed to NaCl-type structure at high temperature).

    Safety and storage

    CsCl is moderately toxic (LD₅₀ rat oral administration is about 2300 mg/kg), but radioactive isotopes need to be strictly protected. Storage needs to be moisture-proof and sealed to avoid contact with strong oxidants. Radioactive materials such as Cs-137 need to be managed in accordance with nuclear safety regulations.

    Conclusion

    Due to its unique crystal structure, excellent solubility and diverse isotopic characteristics, cesium chloride occupies an important position in the fields of life sciences, nuclear technology and functional materials. Its applications extend from basic research to high-tech, reflecting the multifunctional value of alkali metal halides.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    How is Cesium Chloride (CsCl) prepared industrially?
    Industrial preparation is mainly achieved through three ways: the reaction of metallic cesium with hydrochloric acid, the neutralization method using cesium carbonate or cesium hydroxide, and mineral extraction from pollucite via acid leaching and ion exchange.
    Why is CsCl solution used for separating biological samples?
    A saturated CsCl solution has a high density of up to 1.9 g/cm³, making it ideal for density gradient centrifugation. This process is widely used to separate and purify biological samples like DNA and virus particles.
    What role does Cesium Chloride play in nuclear medicine?
    In nuclear medicine, the isotope Cs-131 (with a half-life of 9.7 days) is utilized for the brachytherapy of prostate cancer, while Cs-137 is used as a gamma-ray source for medical and industrial irradiation.
    How is CsCl applied in materials science and basic research?
    It is used to synthesize functional materials like perovskite solar cell precursors and cesium vapor for photoelectric tubes. In basic research, it helps prepare optical lattices in ultracold atom experiments and serves to study the phase transition behavior of ionic crystals.
    What are the safety and storage guidelines for Cesium Chloride?
    CsCl is moderately toxic (oral LD₅₀ in rats is around 2300 mg/kg). It must be stored in a sealed, moisture-proof container away from strong oxidants. Additionally, radioactive isotopes like Cs-137 must be handled in strict compliance with nuclear safety regulations.

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